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Object: combines data(attributes, properties, variables) and member functions(methods).
Encapsulation: combining data and code into a single object
Data hiding: making attributes (variables) private and controlling access to them with methods (functions)
Class: code that specifies the attributes *variables) and member functions (methods)
Instance: An object created from the class. (Using a constructor)
Private: (access specifier) Private attributes and methods can only be used inside the class definition.
Public: (access specifier) Public attributes and methods are ones that can be accessed outside the class definition.
Accessors: Accessors retrieve values from the class, usually named get___, also called getter functions
Mutators: Mutators change the values in the class, usually named set___, also called setter functions.
Constructor: Method with same name as class, used to give initial values to the attributes.
Destructor: Member function with same name as the class with a ~ in front. The destructor is called when the object is destroyed.
Overloaded constructors: Constructors can be written with different arguments. Usually there is one constructor with no arguments (the default constructor) and ones with different attributes given values.