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The if statement is used to execute a statement, or group of statements only under certain conditions.

There are several possible formats:

To execute just one statement when the Boolean expression is true:

if(boolean expression) statement;

To execute one or more statements when the Boolean expression is true use { and } around the statements:

if(boolean expression) {
  statement;
  statement;
  ...
}

There is an optional else that can be used when the Boolean expression is false:

if(boolean expression) statement;
else statement;

To execute one or more statements when the Boolean expression is either true or false use { and } around the statements:

if(boolean expression) {
  statement;
  statement;
  ...
}
else {
  statement;
  statement;
  ...
}

It is usually a good idea to put each statement on a separate line, but you can write if/else on one line:

if(grade<65) cout<<"fail"; else cout<<"pass";